There's no escaping from germs and
bacteria—some of which can get your child sick. Follow these guidelines
to protect your little one in germ-infested hotspots.
The Playground
Your local jungle gym is more germ-infested than a public bathroom, according to one study. Why? "Restrooms tend to get disinfected often," says researcher Kelly Reynolds, PhD, associate professor at the University of Arizona College of Public Health, in Tucson. "But playground equipment almost never gets cleaned." Harmful germs—such as those in the mucus that kids wipe from their noses—can linger for days. Sandboxes are gross too: Squirrels and birds can leave behind fecal matter, which may cause stomach illnesses and skin infections in young kids.Staying Safe at the Playground
Tempted to clean ladders and handles with a disinfecting wipe? Don't bother. It's practically impossible to get rid of all the germs. Instead, teach your child not to touch her mouth, nose, or eyes when she's at the playground, and clean her hands with an alcohol-based hand gel before you leave the park. And if you have a backyard sandbox, keep it covered when you're not using it.
Ball Pits
Enclosed play areas containing plastic balls, which are popular at kids' gyms and fast-food restaurants, are among the dirtiest places to let your child roam. In fact, researchers at the University of North Georgia found 31 types of bacteria in the ball pits of six physical-therapy clinics. "Kids with leaky diapers play in them, and the pits rarely get cleaned," says Dr. Reynolds. A child's feces can contain E. coli, rotavirus, and salmonella, all of which can cause severe vomiting and diarrhea. Young children can also pass germs onto the balls with their hands and feet.Staying Safe in Ball Pits
Although ball pits may have a high risk factor, they’re low risk for kids, says Adam Ratner, M.D., director of the Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases in Hassenfeld Children’s Hospital at NYU Langone. “Your child can come into contact with these bacteria anywhere,” says Dr. Ratner. Those like Streptococcus oralis and Staphylococcus hominis may sound scary, but they’re not just crawling in ball pits; they also live on virtually every kid’s skin and tongue. Unless your child has skin lesions or a compromised immune system, playing in a germy ball pit shouldn’t put him at any higher risk for infections. However, do keep in mind that cleaning standards and schedules vary widely from one pit to another. Ask when the balls were last sanitized. If the attendant doesn’t know (or you smell something funky), it’s best to stay out. As always, common-sense precautions apply: Your kid should wash his hands before and after he jumps in, and you should make sure he’s up to date on his vaccinations
Petting Zoos
Petting zoos have been linked to major E. coli outbreaks in recent years. It's not hard to see why: Farm animals aren't choosy about where they lie down, and traces of feces from an animal's fur or saliva could easily get onto your child's hands—and (yuck!) into her mouth.Staying Safe at Petting Zoo
Don't take a child younger than age 3 to a petting zoo (or, if you do, let her look but not touch). "No matter how much you warn her not to, a young child is likely to put her fingers in her mouth," says Andrew Nowalk, MD, PhD, assistant professor of pediatrics at the University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine. Even older kids need reminders not to touch their mouths after petting—and to use an alcohol-based hand gel when they're done.
Water Fountains
A typical drinking fountain contains more harmful germs than a public toilet seat, according to a recent study at elementary schools by NSF International, a nonprofit health and safety organization based in Ann Arbor, Michigan. Kids tend to touch the spigot with their fingers or their mouth, passing on germs to the next person who drinks. Cold and flu viruses can live on the metal for up to five hours.Staying Safe with Drinking Fountains
Teach your child to keep his lips (and fingers) off the spigot and let the water run for a few seconds before sipping. "That helps wash away harmful organisms," says Robert Donofrio, director of the microbiology lab at NSF International. Or take along a separate water bottle—just make sure he's the only one who drinks from it.
Shopping-Cart Handles
Supermarket workers and shoppers are constantly touching cart handles and spreading germs. If the blood from raw meat reaches a handle, your child could ingest harmful bacteria, including E. coli, salmonella, and campylobacterStaying Safe while Grocery Shopping
Clean the handle with a disinfecting wipe before putting your child in the cart. If you buy a shopping-cart cover, keep in mind that these can also carry germs (which survive longer in fabric than on a plastic handle), so you should wash them regularly.
Children's Museums
Those buttons your child presses to activate electronic exhibits have been pushed by dozens of other little hands, making them major bug conductors. And elevator and vending-machine buttons are just as germy.Staying Safe at Children’s Museums
Tell your child not to touch his eyes, nose, or mouth at a children's museum. You don't have to spoil his fun by keeping him away from the interactive exhibits, but make sure he washes his hands or uses a hand cleanser afterward.
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Public High Chairs
A restaurant may be kid-friendly, but that doesn't mean it's germ-proof. Chances are the chair you plop your toddler into hasn't been cleaned since the last child used it. Your home high chair may not be so clean either: Germs commonly fester in corners and crannies you can't reach.Staying Safe at Restaurants
Bring a disposable high-chair cover to restaurants, or use a disinfecting wipe to clean the high chair. Wipe down your child's home high chair after every meal with disinfecting spray and a paper towel (the sponge you use to clean dishes or wipe counters could contain harmful germs). Also consider getting a model made with antimicrobial plastic, which does some of the germ-killing for you.
Computer Keyboards
There are more germs on school computer keyboards than on doorknobs, according to the NSF study. That's because door handles are polished daily; keyboards are rarely (if ever) cleaned.Staying Safe While Using Computers
Teach your child to sneeze into the crook of her arm and to blow her nose with a tissue, so she's less likely to spread germs to keyboards and computer mice. At home, have her wash her hands before and after using the computer. Wipe the keyboard with a disinfectant cloth once a week—and whenever someone with a cold uses it.
Your Pediatrician's Waiting Room
Don't be fooled by the antiseptic smell. With all the sick little patients (especially during cold and flu season), the doctor’s waiting room is a virtual petri dish. Then there's your busy doctor: If he forgets to wash his hands after seeing each patient, he could transmit viruses to your child.Staying Safe at the Doctor’s Office
Have your child wash her hands before going to the doctor so she'll be less likely to pass along a bug to other kids. If she's just getting a checkup, ask whether there's a well-child waiting area (where the germ load is probably a lot lower). Take along your own toys and books so she isn't tempted to play with communal ones. "The last thing you want is for your healthy child to contract an illness at the doctor's office," Dr. Nowalk. It's also perfectly acceptable to ask the doctor and the nurse whether they've washed their hands before they touch your child. "It's smart, not rude," says Dr. Nowalk. "I wish parents asked me more often."
