Most fractures affect the upper extremities: the wrist, the forearm, and above the elbow. Why? When kids fall, it's a natural reflex for them to throw their hands out in an attempt to stop the fall.
Many kids will have a broken bone at some point. Most aren't too big of a deal, but fractures can be scary for kids and parents alike. Here's what to expect.

How Do I Know if It's Broken?
Falls are a common part of childhood, but not every fall results in a broken bone. The classic signs of a fracture are pain, swelling, and deformity (which looks like a bump or change in shape of the bone). However, if a break is non-displaced (when the pieces on either side are straight in line with one another), it may be harder to tell.
Some telltale signs that a bone is broken are:
If your child has either of the following, do not move your child and call 911 for emergency care:
- You or your child heard a snap or a grinding noise during the injury.
- There's swelling, bruising, or tenderness around the injured part.
- It's painful for your child to move it, touch it, or press on it; if the leg is injured, it's painful to bear weight on it.
- The injured part looks deformed. In severe breaks, the broken bone might poke through the skin.
What Do I Do?
If you suspect that your child has a fracture, you should seek medical care immediately.If your child has either of the following, do not move your child and call 911 for emergency care:
- your child may have seriously injured the head, neck, or back
- the broken bone comes through the skin. Apply constant pressure with a clean gauze pad or thick cloth, and keep your child lying down until help arrives. Don't wash the wound or push in any part of the bone that's sticking out.
- Remove clothing from around the injured part. Don't force a limb out of the clothing, though. You may need to cut clothing off with scissors to prevent your child from having unnecessary added pain.
- Apply a cold compress or ice pack wrapped in cloth. Do not put ice directly on the skin.
- Place a makeshift splint on the injured part by:
- keeping the injured limb in the position you find it
- placing soft padding around the injured part
- placing something firm (like a board or rolled-up newspapers) next to the injured part, making sure it's long enough to go past the joints above and below the injury
- keeping the splint loosely in place with first-aid tape or a wraparound bandage
- Get medical care right away, and don't allow the child to eat, in case surgery is needed.